Telecommunications
Amir Hatamian; Farzad Farshidi; Changiz Ghobadi; Javad Nourinia; Ehsan Mostafapour
Abstract
The increasing risk of cardiovascular diseases, stress, high blood pressure, obesity, sleep disorders, and depression causes electrocardiogram (ECG) monitors to be used for diagnosing health. The main objective of this research is to enhance the quality of the ECG signal using wavelet transform and adaptive ...
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The increasing risk of cardiovascular diseases, stress, high blood pressure, obesity, sleep disorders, and depression causes electrocardiogram (ECG) monitors to be used for diagnosing health. The main objective of this research is to enhance the quality of the ECG signal using wavelet transform and adaptive filters. This research has been made as descriptive-analytic and the method is used in the signal processing stages to calculate the ECG modulation spectrum, the spectral-modulation filtering scheme, and the ECG database from the standard algorithm and performance criteria. The results of the simulation indicate that the conversion of Sym4 and the adaptive filter with the size of 0.0005 and the length of the filter of 25 signals to the noise will be greatly improved to reveal the main features of the ECG signal.
Telecommunications
Fateme Amjadipour; Maryam Imani; Hassan Ghassemian
Abstract
SAR images are used in many applications such as building detection. Extracting the building is very challenging due to the radar nature of the SAR images. However, due to the advantages of radar images such as day and night imaging, building extraction from SAR images is a hot topic. In this context, ...
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SAR images are used in many applications such as building detection. Extracting the building is very challenging due to the radar nature of the SAR images. However, due to the advantages of radar images such as day and night imaging, building extraction from SAR images is a hot topic. In this context, one of the main challenges is the effect of building orientation on the profile created in the SAR image. Also, the two geometric distortions of shadow and layover affect the SAR image. In most building extraction methods, shadow and double bounce are used as two main parameters in building detection. In this paper, different morphological profiles for detecting shadow index and double-bounce index (DMPSIDI) method have been developed using its combination with the method based on statistical features for building extraction. The DMPSIDI method is a morphological-based method that extracts buildings from SAR images independent of changing their profile. The proposed method is also robust to different data using weighting in the main parameters of shadow and double bounce.
Power
Saeid Hasheminejad
Abstract
This paper presents a novel method to discriminate between the magnetizing inrush and external and internal fault currents in power transformers. Fault type identification and faulted phase selection are also possible by the proposed algorithm. The proposed method has two main parts. First, by means ...
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This paper presents a novel method to discriminate between the magnetizing inrush and external and internal fault currents in power transformers. Fault type identification and faulted phase selection are also possible by the proposed algorithm. The proposed method has two main parts. First, by means of S-transform, which is the most accurate method in the field of signal processing, some useful features are extracted from the input signal. Then, the extracted features are converted to some numerical indices. In the second part, an effective decision maker is needed to classify the input signal. One of the best methods, which have been used for decision-making applications is fuzzy logic. So, the numerical indices are used as inputs for the fuzzy system. The output of the fuzzy system not only can reveal whether the input signal is the magnetizing inrush, external or internal fault, but it can also identify the fault type when there is an internal fault. Finally, the faulted phases can be identified with a supplemental algorithm. To generate the test signals, a three-phase transformer is modeled in PSCAD/EMTDC. Testing the proposed algorithm by different simulated data shows the robustness of the proposed method in the transformer differential protection.
Electronics
Rahim Ildarabadi; Zohrah Keramat
Abstract
In this paper, the procedure for the protection of borders-based security fences improved using laser beams. Laser beams can be used to protect the border of large departments, large agencies, large universities, and large companies that have a large yard with several-kilometre erecting walls based on ...
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In this paper, the procedure for the protection of borders-based security fences improved using laser beams. Laser beams can be used to protect the border of large departments, large agencies, large universities, and large companies that have a large yard with several-kilometre erecting walls based on laser optic. But it has problems. To implement this system, it uses invention protocol transmission data. The cost of implementing this system is very low. The older methods of this system have been implemented in Hakim Sabzevery University.
Power
Mohammad Afkar; Parham Karimi; Roghayeh Gavagsaz-Ghoachani; Matheepot Phattanasak; Serge Pierfederici
Abstract
In fuel cell systems, voltage balancing is an important consideration. The utilization of a modular construction based on a three-level boost converter was able to balance DC voltage. This paper investigates the effect of parameter variations, such as inductors and capacitors, on the converter's steady-state ...
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In fuel cell systems, voltage balancing is an important consideration. The utilization of a modular construction based on a three-level boost converter was able to balance DC voltage. This paper investigates the effect of parameter variations, such as inductors and capacitors, on the converter's steady-state controllable areas. The plot of the inductor current and the voltages of the output capacitors are illustrated for different scenarios. The system simulation results were performed using MATLAB / Simulink software.
Electronics
Mohsen Ghaemmaghami; Shahbaz Reyhani
Abstract
This article presents a tunable fourth-order band-pass filter that is designed using an operational trans-conductance amplifier (OTA), which can be used as an anti-aliasing filter (AAF) in the front-end of an analog-to-digital converter (ADC). It is necessary to use a suitable filter to prevent unwanted ...
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This article presents a tunable fourth-order band-pass filter that is designed using an operational trans-conductance amplifier (OTA), which can be used as an anti-aliasing filter (AAF) in the front-end of an analog-to-digital converter (ADC). It is necessary to use a suitable filter to prevent unwanted signals from entering the ADC. The bandwidth of the AAF should be designed according to the bandwidth of the ADC, therefore, matching these two bandwidths is one of the important challenges when using multi-bandwidth analog to digital converters in digital communication applications. The proposed band-pass filter is designed and simulated in 180 nm CMOS technology. The simulation results show that by changing the two bias voltages of the proposed filter, its bandwidth can be changed according to the frequency range of ADSL, ADSL2, and ADSL2+ communication standards and it effectively attenuates unwanted signals.
Electronics
Amir Davami; Mohammad Hadi Shahrokh Abadi
Abstract
Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensors have been widely considered for their sensitivity, accuracy, and appropriate response speed. This article simulates and analyzes the effects of phosphorene nanotubes (PNTs) layer with various diameters and rolling directions on the structure of SPR biosensor in ...
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Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensors have been widely considered for their sensitivity, accuracy, and appropriate response speed. This article simulates and analyzes the effects of phosphorene nanotubes (PNTs) layer with various diameters and rolling directions on the structure of SPR biosensor in the Lumerical software environment. The main structure is based on the structure of Kretschmann and the use of the BK7 prism, a gold (Au) layer, and the end layer of phosphorene nanotubes. The proposed SPR biosensor reflectance curves are obtained, analyzed, and compared for various modes of refractive index n = 1.33 and 1.339, resembling a neutral watery medium and a bacterial medium, respectively. The results show that the minimum reflection is achieved for 30 nm Au at an SPR resonance angle of θ = 71.59° while by adding phosphorene nanotubes, it is observed that at a diameter of 10.08 A and an armchair rolling direction, the configuration on the Au layer becomes favorable. The minimum reflectance of 0.199 is observed for the armchair phosphorene nanotubes (10.08A) layer over 30 nm Au. The combination also provides a sensitivity of 152°/RIU for Δn = 0.009 with a high detection accuracy of 0.079. The results demonstrate that the layer of phosphorene nanotubes has a positive effect on SPR biosensors, and it can be used as a controlling factor in SPR biosensors.
Electronics
Mahdi Taheri; Hamed Zandevakili; Ali Mahani
Abstract
It is crucial to detect potential overlaps between any pair of the input reads and a reference genome in genome sequencing, but it takes an excessive amount of time, especially for ultra-long reads. Even though lots of acceleration designs are proposed for different sequencing methods, several crucial ...
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It is crucial to detect potential overlaps between any pair of the input reads and a reference genome in genome sequencing, but it takes an excessive amount of time, especially for ultra-long reads. Even though lots of acceleration designs are proposed for different sequencing methods, several crucial drawbacks impact these methods. One of these difficulties stems from the difference in read lengths that may take place as input data. In this work, we propose a new Race-logic implementation of the seed extension kernel of the BWA-MEM alignment algorithm. The first proposed method does not need reconfiguration to execute the seed extension kernel for different read lengths. We use MEMRISTORs instead of the conventional, complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS), which leads to lower area overhead and power consumption. Also, we benefit from Field-Programmable Nanowire Interconnect Architecture as our matrix output resulting in a flexible output that bypasses the reconfiguration procedure of the system for reads with different lengths. Considering the power, area, and delay efficiency, we gain better results than other state-of-the-art implementations. Consequently, we gain up to 22x speedup compared to the state-of-the-art systolic arrays, 600x speed up considering different seed lengths of the previous state-of-the-art proposed methods, at least 10x improvements in area overhead, and 105x improvements in power.
Control
Fatemeh Tavakkoli; Alireza Khosravi; Pouria Sarhadi
Abstract
This work represents a new method for robustness analysis of the model reference adaptive controller (MRAC) in the presence of input saturation. Saturation is one of the nonlinear factors affecting the stability of control systems which must be considered in controller design and stability analysis experiments. ...
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This work represents a new method for robustness analysis of the model reference adaptive controller (MRAC) in the presence of input saturation. Saturation is one of the nonlinear factors affecting the stability of control systems which must be considered in controller design and stability analysis experiments. Various methods are presented for the stability and robustness analysis of adaptive control systems, and employment of describing function (DF) can be attractive and practical, due to the appropriate effectiveness of DF in estimating limit cycles and also the application of quasi-linearization theory. In this work, the stability analysis and a limit cycle estimation of a saturated system in the frequency domain are performed. The controller parameters are adjusted in a way that the system achieves its stable limit cycle in the presence of the initial conditions for the states. Moreover, the efficiency of the proposed method for second-order systems is reported in the presence of symmetric saturation and uncertainty model in Rohrs’s counterexample as the unmodeled dynamics. The results demonstrate the proposed method provides a proper analysis of system stability during the changes in the control parameters and the saturation amplitude.
Control
Mohammad Mehdi Zohrei; Hamid Reza Javanmardi
Abstract
For decades in the aerospace and control sciences, the Inertial Stabilized Platform (ISP) system has been studied to improve the accuracy of recipient photos or target tracking. This paper presents a nonlinear observer-based control method for three Degrees Of Freedom (3-DOF) ISP systems. First, a new ...
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For decades in the aerospace and control sciences, the Inertial Stabilized Platform (ISP) system has been studied to improve the accuracy of recipient photos or target tracking. This paper presents a nonlinear observer-based control method for three Degrees Of Freedom (3-DOF) ISP systems. First, a new formula of the state space equation for the 3-DOF ISP system is proposed to make this model suitable for designing an observer-based control. Then, by measuring the angular positions as output feedback, the angular velocities are estimated by the nonlinear observer, and Lyapunov-based nonlinear control techniques are used to design the observer. Furthermore, the exponential stability and convergence of the observer system are proved. Finally, the auxiliary control signal is considered so that the dynamics of the designed observer become a simple linear form and are easily controlled by the state feedback controller. Simulation results illustrate the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed control strategy.
Power
Farhad Amiri; Mohammad Hassan Moradi
Abstract
With the presence of distributed energy resources in the microgrid, the problem of load-frequency control (LFC) becomes one of the most important concerns. With changing the parameters of the microgrid components as well as the disturbances forced to the grid, designing a suitable LFC becomes more difficult. ...
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With the presence of distributed energy resources in the microgrid, the problem of load-frequency control (LFC) becomes one of the most important concerns. With changing the parameters of the microgrid components as well as the disturbances forced to the grid, designing a suitable LFC becomes more difficult. In this paper, the design of a Robust model predictive controller (RMPC) based on the linear matrix inequality as a secondary controller LFC system is discussed for controlling a microgrid on the shipboard. The main purpose of the proposed method is to improve the frequency stability of the microgrid in the presence of disturbances and the uncertainty of its parameters. The proposed controller simulation results, in several different scenarios, considering The uncertainty of the microgrid parameters as well as the input disturbances are compared. The main controllers are the fuzzy proportional-integral type1 and 2, and multi-objective multi-purpose functions optimized with the MOFPI (MBBHA), MOIT2FPI (MBHA) algorithm. The effectiveness of the proposed method in terms of The response speed and reduction of fluctuations and overcome uncertainties of the parameters, as well as robustness to disturbances, are discussed. Simulation is implemented in MATLAB software. The proposed method reduces the frequency oscillations caused by disturbances on the microgrid by 68% (68% improvement over other methods used in this field). Also, using this method, the damping speed of microgrid frequency fluctuations is increased by 53% (performance improvement).
Electronics
Ebrahim Farahmand; Ali Mahani
Abstract
Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) consist of a large number of sensor nodes that allow users to accurately monitor a remote environment by aggregating the data from the individual nodes. These networks require robust and energy-efficient protocols that are improved reliability and lifetime of WSNs. Clustering ...
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Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) consist of a large number of sensor nodes that allow users to accurately monitor a remote environment by aggregating the data from the individual nodes. These networks require robust and energy-efficient protocols that are improved reliability and lifetime of WSNs. Clustering of sensor nodes is an emerging paradigm for the energy-efficient approach to improve lifetime and the reliability of WSN by reducing energy consumption. In this paper, a new Energy-efficient weighted multi-level Clustering Protocol (EWCP) is proposed. Cluster heads (CHs) are selected based on the allotted weight to each sensor nodes. The weight includes the parameters of sensors such as density, residual energy, and distance to prolong the network's lifetime and increase its efficiency. Also, the cluster members are selected based on their distance to the selected CHs. The lifetime of EWCP is improved significantly to compare with the other protocols. This improvement is attributed to the fact that EWCP is energy-efficient in clustering protocol.
Electronics
Ata Ollah Mirzaei; Amir Musa Abazari; Hadi Tavakkoli
Abstract
Nowadays, planar spiral coils are widely used in different applications. Mutual inductance of two adjacent coils, is one of the critical operating principles in near-field wireless power and data transmission systems, significantly impacting their performance. Hence, in this study, the mutual inductance ...
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Nowadays, planar spiral coils are widely used in different applications. Mutual inductance of two adjacent coils, is one of the critical operating principles in near-field wireless power and data transmission systems, significantly impacting their performance. Hence, in this study, the mutual inductance between two similar concentric planar spiral coils is investigated. The effect of main parameters, including the track width, w, and the space between two consecutive turns, s, with a fixed inner and outer diameter of the coils are investigated. The Taguchi method using the L16 array in Minitab environment is used to optimize design parameters. The samples of applied Taguchi, are modeled and simulated via ANSYS Maxwell. The results show that the mutual inductance increases by reducing the two investigated parameters. Based on the Taguchi analysis, it is revealed that the effect of the response for both of the investigated parameters is very close. By applying the main effect analysis the obtained results are verified. This interesting result is important in the design of planar spiral coils while we have fabrication limitations in a real sensor design realization.
Power
Elvis Twumasi; Yussif Seini Abdul-Fatawu; Emmanuel Asuming Frimpong
Abstract
The optimal size and location of series capacitors is a critical challenge in a distribution network. In this paper, a novel approach for enhancing voltage stability in distribution networks through the optimal sizing and placement of series capacitors is proposed. The study introduces a technique to ...
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The optimal size and location of series capacitors is a critical challenge in a distribution network. In this paper, a novel approach for enhancing voltage stability in distribution networks through the optimal sizing and placement of series capacitors is proposed. The study introduces a technique to determine the optimal lines for connecting series capacitors based on line reactance and current. A modified Elephant Herding Optimization (MEHO) algorithm was used to determine the reactance sizes of the series capacitors and the best lines to place them for optimum system performance. To evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed method, three series capacitors are placed and sized in the standard IEEE 33-bus radial distribution system for stability enhancement. A comparison is conducted between the proposed MEHO algorithm-based approach, the original Elephant Herding Optimization (EHO) algorithm, and the IGWO-TS-based methods reported in the literature. The evaluation is performed by analyzing the system voltage profile, total system losses, and system voltage deviation index under varying loading conditions of 30%, 100%, and 120% of the system nominal loading. Results demonstrate that the proposed MEHO algorithm-based approach outperforms the other two methods significantly in all the scenarios, highlighting its effectiveness in voltage stability enhancement in distribution networks.
Power
Moaiad Mohseni; Mahmood Joorabian; Afshin Lashkarara
Abstract
Internet of Things (IoT)-based energy management systems (EMSs) are considered a new technology in which consumers can manage their electricity payments according to their preferences, such as reducing costs or increasing satisfaction. Each consumer has its own program for communicating with a central ...
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Internet of Things (IoT)-based energy management systems (EMSs) are considered a new technology in which consumers can manage their electricity payments according to their preferences, such as reducing costs or increasing satisfaction. Each consumer has its own program for communicating with a central control unit. In addition, the central control unit that is responsible for energy pricing can access consumer information and network performance status through the IoT infrastructure. Therefore, technical analysis can be performed using big data to determine the optimal price in order to make a compromise between the buyer and the goals of the distribution system operators. This paper presents a model to accurately assess the impact of pricing on the behavior of IoT-based energy systems. Then, according to the load specifications of each item and the technical limitations of the distribution network, the best time to use pricing is determined. The results show that the higher the price variance, the more discomfort the consumer and the lower the daily payment. Therefore, in this paper, the main goal of energy management is to minimize the total weight of the costs paid and their discomfort level. The paper could facilitate further penetration of IoT-based EMSs into smart grids. The study was performed on an IEEE standard 33-bus network. Optimization was implemented using YALMIP and MOSEK toolboxes. Therefore, it can be concluded that IoT technology allows consumers to enjoy the benefits of the network and makes optimal consumption management possible.
Power
Reza Rostaminia; Mehdi Vakilian; Keyvan Firouzi
Abstract
Partial Discharge (PD) measurement is one of the best solutions for condition assessment of Gas Insulated Switchgears (GISs). For having Condition-based maintenance of GIS, online PD monitoring is of great importance. For this aim, Ultra High Frequency (UHF) PD sensors should be installed inside the ...
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Partial Discharge (PD) measurement is one of the best solutions for condition assessment of Gas Insulated Switchgears (GISs). For having Condition-based maintenance of GIS, online PD monitoring is of great importance. For this aim, Ultra High Frequency (UHF) PD sensors should be installed inside the GIS during the installation. However, in most installed GISs in industries, the internal UHF PD sensors are not installed. In this paper, a new method for online defect type recognition according to external UHF PD sensors and based on the time-frequency representation of PD signal is proposed. In this case, four artificial defect types named protrusion on the main conductor, protrusion on the enclosure, free moving metal particle, and metal particle on spacer are implanted inside the 132 kV L-Shaped structure of one phase in enclosure GIS. The signal energy at each level of the decomposed signal by Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) is applied for features of each defect type. The trends of signal energy variations at each frequency range of signal are applied for discriminating between each defect type. The Deep Feed Forward Network (DFFN) classifier is applied for PD pattern recognition. The results show the benefits and simplicity of the proposed method for PD signal classification, independent from the position of the PD sensor, especially in the case of online PD monitoring of GIS.
Power
Saman Ghahghahzadeh; Mohammad Reza Afsharnia
Abstract
This work proposes a new model for dynamic behavior of hydro-electric turbines on the basis of inlet mechanical power with different loads together with reactions of wicket gates and governor during load rejection. Then, practical experiments are investigated, and their results are compared with simulated ...
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This work proposes a new model for dynamic behavior of hydro-electric turbines on the basis of inlet mechanical power with different loads together with reactions of wicket gates and governor during load rejection. Then, practical experiments are investigated, and their results are compared with simulated results developed in SIMULINK. The results show that proposed modeling satisfies practical behavior of real systems.
Power
Mohammad Naser Hashemnia
Abstract
Modeling electric machines is crucial for analyzing their behavior and designing controllers. It is of the utmost importance to make use of a consistent equivalent circuit of the Doubly Fed Induction Machine (DFIM) that is applicable to a variety of operating modes. This is because it helps in the calculation ...
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Modeling electric machines is crucial for analyzing their behavior and designing controllers. It is of the utmost importance to make use of a consistent equivalent circuit of the Doubly Fed Induction Machine (DFIM) that is applicable to a variety of operating modes. This is because it helps in the calculation of the machine's steady-state performance, converter ratings, and controller set-points. Traditional models of doubly fed induction machines employ the steady-state equivalent circuit of a wound-rotor induction machine with all rotor parameters referred to the stator through a frequency conversion. The present study investigates the validity of the traditional steady-state circuit model by taking into account the sequence change in rotor voltages and currents at super-synchronous speeds. The validity of phasor diagrams constructed using the traditional circuit is assessed, with a particular focus on super-synchronous operation in both motoring and generating modes. It has been demonstrated that the existing model is applicable to all rotor speeds (whether sub-synchronous or super-synchronous). However, caution should be exercised when utilizing expressions of rotor reactive power that involve dynamic dq and steady-state phasor models. Therefore, modified expressions are developed for rotor reactive power that are applicable regardless of the operating speed. The accuracy of the proposed method for different operating modes is confirmed by comprehensive simulation results developed with Matlab® Simulink. An investigation is also conducted into the sensitivity of rotor reactive power direction to parameter changes, and it is shown that machine parameter changes have a negligible effect on rotor reactive power direction.
Electronics
Amirreza Solaymanpour; Shahbaz Reyhani
Abstract
The electrocardiogram is affected by various noises and one of the most important of which is 50 Hz power-line noise. On the other hand, it is necessary to use a battery in the portable device and so it requires the use of low power consumption circuits. Therefore, one of the challenges ahead when designing ...
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The electrocardiogram is affected by various noises and one of the most important of which is 50 Hz power-line noise. On the other hand, it is necessary to use a battery in the portable device and so it requires the use of low power consumption circuits. Therefore, one of the challenges ahead when designing this type of device is the use of energy-saving filters with the ability to integrate devices and attenuate unwanted signals properly. This paper presents a low-power tunable sixth-order band-stop filter that does not need the off-chip capacitors. The filter structure is based on operational transconductance amplifiers (OTA) and integrated capacitors. Also, it is possible to change the central attenuation frequency of the proposed filter using bias voltage of the transconductance amplifiers. The proposed band-stop filter is designed and simulated in 180 nm CMOS technology at the transistor level. The simulation results show that the proposed filter can attenuate unwanted signals at 50 Hz by 102 dB while the maximum capacitance used in the filter is 54 pF. The power consumption of the proposed band-stop filter is 13.1 nW at a supply voltage of 1.8 V.
Electronics
Mahdi Taheri; Saeideh Sheikhpour; Mohammad Saeed Ansari; Ali Mahani
Abstract
This paper introduces a high-Speed fault-resistant hardware implementation for the S-box of AES cryptographic algorithm, called HFS-box. A deep pipelining for S-box at the gate level is proposed. In addition, in HFS-box a new Dual Modular Redundancy based (DMR-based) countermeasure is exploited for fault ...
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This paper introduces a high-Speed fault-resistant hardware implementation for the S-box of AES cryptographic algorithm, called HFS-box. A deep pipelining for S-box at the gate level is proposed. In addition, in HFS-box a new Dual Modular Redundancy based (DMR-based) countermeasure is exploited for fault correction purpose. The newly introduced countermeasure is a fault correction scheme based on DMR technique (FC-DMR) combined with a version of the time redundancy technique. In the proposed architecture, when a transient random or malicious fault(s) is detected in each pipeline stage, the error signal corresponding to that stage becomes high. The control unit holds the previous correct value in the output of our proposed DMR voter in the other pipeline stages as soon as it observes the value ‘1’ on the error signal. The previous correct outputs will be kept until the fault effect disappears. The presented low-cost HFS-box provide a high capability of fault resistance against transient faults with any duration by imposing low area overhead compared with similar fault correction strategies, i.e. 137%, and low throughput degradation, i.e. 11.3%, on the original S-box implementation.
Electronics
Hamidreza Ghorbani; Jose Luis Romeral Martinez
Abstract
A new active gate drive for Silicon carbide (SiC) metal–oxide–semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOSFET) is proposed in this paper. The SiC MOSFET as an attractive replacement for insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) has been regarded in many high power density converters. The proposed ...
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A new active gate drive for Silicon carbide (SiC) metal–oxide–semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOSFET) is proposed in this paper. The SiC MOSFET as an attractive replacement for insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) has been regarded in many high power density converters. The proposed driver is based on a feedforward control method. This simple analog gate driver (GD) improves switching transient with minimum undesirable effect on the efficiency. This paper involves the entire switching condition (turn on/off), and the GD is applied to the SiC base technology of MOSFET. To evaluate the performance of the proposed GD, it will be compared with a conventional gate driver. The presented GD is validated by experimental tests. All the evaluations are carried out in a hard switching condition and at high-frequency operation.
Telecommunications
Mehdi Basiri Abarghouei; Reza Saadat
Abstract
This paper proposes a new relaying protocol for transmitting from a cellular user to the base station with the joint cooperation of a Full-Duplex (FD)-enabled Device-to-Device (D2D) pair. In the proposed scheme, the receiver of the D2D acts as a relay, with the cooperation of its transmitter pair via ...
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This paper proposes a new relaying protocol for transmitting from a cellular user to the base station with the joint cooperation of a Full-Duplex (FD)-enabled Device-to-Device (D2D) pair. In the proposed scheme, the receiver of the D2D acts as a relay, with the cooperation of its transmitter pair via D2D communication between them. The cooperation approach of the D2D receiver is chosen as Adaptive Decode-and-Forward (ADF), while the cooperation strategy of the D2D transmitter is chosen as either ADF, Amplify-and-Forward (AF), or Hybrid relaying protocol. These scenarios are named "Decode and Joint Cooperation," "Amplify and Joint Cooperation," and "Hybrid and Adaptive Joint Cooperation," respectively. The Average Symbol Error Probability (ASEP) of the system is studied over independent and identically distributed (i.i.d) complex Gaussian (Rayleigh envelope) channels, with perfect Channel State Information (CSI) in the presence of Residual Self-Interference (RSI) at the FD relays, as well as Co-Channel Interference (CCI). Moreover, closed-form and high Signal-to-Interference-plus-Noise Ratio (SINR) tight ASEP approximations are established. The optimum power allocation is formulated based on the approximate relations, and the optimal solutions and their characteristics are discussed in detail. Analytical comparisons and simulations confirm the theoretical results and demonstrate significant performance improvements.
Electronics
Mahdi Taheri; Ali Mahani
Abstract
The mapping of DNA subsequences to a known reference genome, referred to as “short-read mapping”, is essential for next-generation sequencing. Hundreds of millions of short reads need to be aligned to a tremendously long reference sequence, making short-read mapping very time consuming. Day ...
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The mapping of DNA subsequences to a known reference genome, referred to as “short-read mapping”, is essential for next-generation sequencing. Hundreds of millions of short reads need to be aligned to a tremendously long reference sequence, making short-read mapping very time consuming. Day by day progress in Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS) is enabling the generation of DNA sequence data at ever faster rates and at low cost, which means a dramatic increase in the amounts of data being sequenced; nowadays, sequencing nearly 20 billion reads (short DNA fragments) costs about 1000 dollars per human genome and sequencers can generate 6 Terabases of data in less than two days. This article considered the seed extension kernel of the Burrows-Wheeler Alignment (BWA) genomic mapping algorithm for accelerating with FPGA devices. We have proposed an FPGA-based accelerated implementation for the seed extension kernel. The Smith-Waterman algorithm is used during the seed extension to find the optimum alignment between two sequences. The state-of-the-art architectures use 1D-systolic arrays to fill a similarity matrix, based on the best score out of all match combinations, mismatches and gaps are computed. The cells on the same anti-diagonal are calculated in parallel in these architectures. We propose a novel 2-dimensional architecture. Our new modified algorithm is based on two editing and calculating phases. In each step of calculation, some errors may occur in which all the cells on the same row and the same column are computed in parallel and, thereby, significantly speed up the process. Needless to say, these probable errors will be omitted before the next step of calculation begin. Our simulation results show that the proposed architecture can work with up to 312 MHz frequency in Synopsys Design-Compiler for 180-nm CMOS technology and be up to 570x and 1.4x faster than the software execution and the 1D-systolic arrays, respectively.
Power
Shabnam Rezaei; Ahmad Ghasemi
Abstract
This paper proposes a novel day-ahead energy hub scheduling framework aimed at improving resiliency. Accordingly, an energy hub including combined heat and power (CHP), boiler, electric-heat pump (EHP), absorption and electric chillers, energy storages and renewable sources is considered. This energy ...
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This paper proposes a novel day-ahead energy hub scheduling framework aimed at improving resiliency. Accordingly, an energy hub including combined heat and power (CHP), boiler, electric-heat pump (EHP), absorption and electric chillers, energy storages and renewable sources is considered. This energy hub is equipped with smart grid (SG) infrastructures, making it possible to implement demand response (DR) programs and optimally operate energy storages. The hub is connected to the electricity and natural gas networks. Outage of input energy carriers causes failure of devices in the energy hub, loss of electrical loads, failure in cooling and heating and thus reduced resiliency. Maintaining the security of the hub consumers’ power supply system in the event of such severe disturbances is essential. Therefore, a new strategy based on the use of backup electric energy storages (EES) and DR program is proposed in this paper to improve resiliency. In addition, a numerical index is used to accurately calculate and evaluate resiliency. Numerical studies show that the proposed strategy improves resiliency during the outage of power and gas networks by 12.02% and 14.23% respectively when backup energy storages and DR program are implemented simultaneously.
Electronics
Mojtaba Arab Nezhad; Ali Mahani
Abstract
Approximate computing is considered a promising way to design high-performance and low-power arithmetic units recently. This paper proposes an energy-efficient logarithmic multiplier for error-tolerant applications. The proposed multiplier uses a novel technique to calculate the powers of two products ...
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Approximate computing is considered a promising way to design high-performance and low-power arithmetic units recently. This paper proposes an energy-efficient logarithmic multiplier for error-tolerant applications. The proposed multiplier uses a novel technique to calculate the powers of two products to reduce critical path complexity. Also, a correction term is provided to improve the multiplier accuracy. Additionally, the use of approximate adders in our design is investigated, and optimal truncation length is obtained through simulations. We evaluated our work both in accuracy and hardware criteria. Experiments on a 16-bit proposed multiplier with approximate adder show that power-delay product (PDP) is significantly reduced by 34.05% compared to the best logarithmic multipliers available in the literature, while the mean relative error distance (MRED) is also decreased by 21.1%. The results of embedding our multiplier in the dequantization step of the JPEG standard show that the image quality is improved in comparison with other logarithmic multipliers. In addition, a subtle drop in image quality compared to utilizing exact multipliers proves the viability of our design.