Volume 1, Issue 1 , January 2022
Abstract
This article briefly provides information about the Journal of Applied Research in Electrical Engineering (JAREE). It introduces the publisher, editorial board, aims and scope, indexing databases and social networks of the journal. In addition, the manner of manuscript submission to JAREE is described. ...
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This article briefly provides information about the Journal of Applied Research in Electrical Engineering (JAREE). It introduces the publisher, editorial board, aims and scope, indexing databases and social networks of the journal. In addition, the manner of manuscript submission to JAREE is described. Finally, the table of contents of this issue is presented.
Volume 1, Issue 2 , July 2022
Abstract
This article briefly provides information about the Journal of Applied Research in Electrical Engineering (JAREE). It introduces the publisher, editorial board, aims and scope, indexing databases and social networks of the journal. In addition, the manner of manuscript submission to JAREE is described. ...
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This article briefly provides information about the Journal of Applied Research in Electrical Engineering (JAREE). It introduces the publisher, editorial board, aims and scope, indexing databases and social networks of the journal. In addition, the manner of manuscript submission to JAREE is described. Finally, the table of contents of this issue is presented.
Volume 2, Issue 1 , January 2023
Abstract
This article briefly provides information about the Journal of Applied Research in Electrical Engineering (JAREE). It introduces the publisher, editorial board, aims and scope, indexing databases and social networks of the journal. In addition, the manner of manuscript submission to JAREE is described. ...
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This article briefly provides information about the Journal of Applied Research in Electrical Engineering (JAREE). It introduces the publisher, editorial board, aims and scope, indexing databases and social networks of the journal. In addition, the manner of manuscript submission to JAREE is described. Finally, the table of contents of this issue is presented.
Volume 2, Issue 2 , July 2023
Abstract
This article briefly provides information about the Journal of Applied Research in Electrical Engineering (JAREE). It introduces the publisher, editorial board, aims and scope, indexing databases and social networks of the journal. In addition, the manner of manuscript submission to JAREE is described. ...
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This article briefly provides information about the Journal of Applied Research in Electrical Engineering (JAREE). It introduces the publisher, editorial board, aims and scope, indexing databases and social networks of the journal. In addition, the manner of manuscript submission to JAREE is described. Finally, the table of contents of this issue is presented.
Electronics
Mohsen Makvandi; Mohammad Javad Maleki; Mohammad Soroosh
Abstract
In this paper, a photonic crystal structure composed of the silicon rods is proposed for an all-optical 4*2 encoder. Four input ports are connected to two outputs port via the cross-connections. Different radii of rods as defects are placed in the cross-connection region for coupling the optical waves ...
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In this paper, a photonic crystal structure composed of the silicon rods is proposed for an all-optical 4*2 encoder. Four input ports are connected to two outputs port via the cross-connections. Different radii of rods as defects are placed in the cross-connection region for coupling the optical waves from the input waveguides to the desired outputs. The total size of the device is about 133 μm2. Plane-wave expansion and finite difference time domain methods are used to calculate the band diagram and simulation of the optical wave propagation inside the structure, respectively. The maximum rise time of the device for all possible states is just about 205 fs which is less than one in the previous works. No need to a bias port and using the same power at input ports are other advantages of this work. The normalized output power margins for logic 0 and 1 are calculated by 2% and 34%, respectively. The simulation results demonstrate the presented structure is capable of using in optical integrated circuits.
Control
Mats Leon Richter; Leila Malihi; Anne-Kathrin Patricia Windler; Ulf Krumnack
Abstract
The predictive performance of a neural network depends on the one hand on the difficulty of a problem, defined by the number of classes and complexity of the visual domain, and on the other hand on the capacity of the model, determined by the number of parameters and its structure. By applying layer ...
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The predictive performance of a neural network depends on the one hand on the difficulty of a problem, defined by the number of classes and complexity of the visual domain, and on the other hand on the capacity of the model, determined by the number of parameters and its structure. By applying layer saturation and logistic regression probes, we confirm that these factors influence the inference process in an antagonistic manner. This analysis allows the detection of over- and under-parameterization of convolutional neural networks. We show that the observed effects are independent of previously reported pathological patterns, like the “tail pattern”. In addition, we study the emergence of saturation patterns during training, showing that saturation patterns emerge early in the optimization process. This allows for quick detection of problems and potentially decreased cycle time during experiments. We also demonstrate that the emergence of tail patterns is independent of the capacity of the networks. Finally, we show that information processing within a tail of unproductive layers is different, depending on the topology of the neural network architecture.
Power
Asaad Shemshadi; Mohammad Reza Khojaste
Abstract
One type of electrical breakdown in solid insulation is electromechanical failure. In mineral processing, crushing rocks is energy-intensive. Rock crushing using high voltage has many advantages, including high stone-breaking efficiency, and is a new and efficient way to break the stone. The shape of ...
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One type of electrical breakdown in solid insulation is electromechanical failure. In mineral processing, crushing rocks is energy-intensive. Rock crushing using high voltage has many advantages, including high stone-breaking efficiency, and is a new and efficient way to break the stone. The shape of the electrode, the amount of applied voltage, and the selection of drilling process parameters are the main obstacles to using this method. In this study, based on the equivalent circuit of high voltage electro pulse failure, a mathematical model of high voltage electro pulse discharge in rock has been developed. Then, a high-voltage simulation model is developed based on the coaxial cylindrical electrode structure. This paper investigates the use of electromechanical failure phenomena for crushing minerals. High voltage pulses are used to crush the rock, then by simulating the relevant circuit, the necessary voltage for crushing three minerals is obtained and the feasibility of using this method is discussed. Finally, using the simulation and the obtained results, the possibility of using this method for crushing minerals has been investigated. This study provides a scientific basis for quantifying and predicting rock crushing using high-voltage technology to improve drilling efficiency and reduce energy loss.
Electronics
Reza Ghanavati; Yousef Seifi Kavian; Abdolnabi Kosarian
Abstract
The ever-increasing threat of air pollution as a serious health hazard throughout the world requires measuring prior to devising a structured solution. Air quality monitoring systems measure the amount of particulate matter such as particles and hazardous gases in the air. Information is required on ...
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The ever-increasing threat of air pollution as a serious health hazard throughout the world requires measuring prior to devising a structured solution. Air quality monitoring systems measure the amount of particulate matter such as particles and hazardous gases in the air. Information is required on the quality of air monitoring and dust detection system in order to make managerial decisions to improve environmental conditions and prevent and treat diseases caused by dust. The present study aims to develop a simple, highly sensitive, and economical monitoring system for the determination of air particulate. In this paper, we develop a real-time ad hoc wireless airborne particle monitoring system using the IEEE 802.15.4 low power sensor network technology called RTWSM, featuring a low-cost sensor node for mass production. Its dynamic features of high scalability and ad hoc architecture enable the design to provide significantly more useful information under all environments, including indoor or outdoor monitoring applications. The performance of the proposed monitoring sensor system is evaluated in environmental and industrial occupation debates to monitor the PM2.5 particle data. The results confirm that the proposed experimental setup works well for local air pollution monitoring and could be extended to automation industrial applications.
Electronics
Saleh Naghizade; Hamed Saghaei
Abstract
This paper reports a new optical half-adder design using linear defects in a photonic crystal (PhC) structure. The half adder's proper design obviates the need to increase the input signal's intensity for the nonlinear optical Kerr effect's appearance, which leads to the diversion of the incoming light ...
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This paper reports a new optical half-adder design using linear defects in a photonic crystal (PhC) structure. The half adder's proper design obviates the need to increase the input signal's intensity for the nonlinear optical Kerr effect's appearance, which leads to the diversion of the incoming light toward the desired output. The proposed device is composed of silicon rods consisting of four optical waveguides and a defect in a PhC. Two well-known plane wave expansion and finite difference time domain methods are used to study and analyze photonic band structure and light propagation inside the PhC, respectively. The numerical results demonstrate that the ON-OFF contrast ratios are 16 dB for “Sum” and about 14 dB for "Carry". They also reveal that the proposed half-adder has a maximum time delay of 0.8 ps with a total footprint of 158 µm2. Due to very low delay time, high contrast ratio, and small footprint, they are more crucial in modern optoelectronic technologies, so this structure can be used in the next generation of all-optical high-speed central processing units.
Electronics
Shabnam Sadeghi; Ali Mahani
Abstract
The stochastic computing (SC) method is a low-cost alternative to conventional binary computing that processes digital data in the form of pseudo-random bit-streams in which bit-flip errors have a trivial effect on the signal final value because of the highly redundant encoding format of this method. ...
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The stochastic computing (SC) method is a low-cost alternative to conventional binary computing that processes digital data in the form of pseudo-random bit-streams in which bit-flip errors have a trivial effect on the signal final value because of the highly redundant encoding format of this method. As a result, this computational method is used for fault-tolerant digital applications. In this paper, stochastic computing has been chosen to implement 2-dimensional discrete wavelet transform (2-D DWT) as a case study. The performance of the circuit is analyzed through two different faulty experiments. The results show that stochastic 2-D DWT outperforms binary implementation. Although SC provides inherent fault tolerance, we have proposed four structures based on dual modular redundancy to improve SC reliability. Improving the reliability of the stochastic circuits with the least area overhead is considered the main objective in these structures. The proposed methods are applied to improve the reliability of stochastic wavelet transform circuits. Experimental results show that all proposed structures improve the reliability of stochastic circuits, especially in extremely noisy conditions where fault tolerance of SC is reduced.
Power
Nicholas Kwesi Prah II; Elvis Twumasi; Emmanuel Asuming Frimpong
Abstract
The Combined Economic Emission Dispatch (CEED) is an important consideration in every power system. In this paper, a modified Mayfly Algorithm named Modified Individual Experience Mayfly Algorithm (MIE-MA) is used to solve the CEED optimization problem. The modified algorithm enhances the balance between ...
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The Combined Economic Emission Dispatch (CEED) is an important consideration in every power system. In this paper, a modified Mayfly Algorithm named Modified Individual Experience Mayfly Algorithm (MIE-MA) is used to solve the CEED optimization problem. The modified algorithm enhances the balance between exploration and exploitation by utilizing a chaotic decreasing gravity coefficient. Additionally, instead of the MA relying solely on the best position, it calculates the experience of a mayfly by averaging its positions. The CEED problem is modeled as a nonlinear optimization problem constrained with four equality and inequality constraints and tested on a grid-connected microgrid that consists of four dispatchable distributed generators and two renewable energy sources. The performance of the MIE-MA on the CEED problem is compared to Particle Swarm Optimisation (PSO), an MA variant that incorporates a levy flight algorithm named IMA and Dragonfly Algorithm (DA) using the MATLAB R2021a software. The MIE-MA achieved the best optimum cost of 11306.6 $/MWh, compared to 12278.0 $, 12875.8$, and 17146.4$ of the DA, IMA, and PSO respectively. The MIE-MA also achieved the best average optimum cost over 20 runs of 12163.48 $, compared to 12555.36 $, 13419.67 $, and 17270.08 $ of the DA, IMA, and PSO respectively. The hourly cost curve of the MIE-MA was also the best compared to the other algorithms. The MIE-MA algorithm thus achieves superior optimal values with fewer iterations.
Power
Saeed Aminzadeh; Mehrdad Tarafdar Hagh; Heresh Seyedi
Abstract
This paper uses the coordination between the reactive power of a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) and a battery to control the frequency within an islanded microgrid. By this coordination, the microgrid frequency regulation becomes faster and better during contingencies. Moreover, the energy storage capacity, ...
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This paper uses the coordination between the reactive power of a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) and a battery to control the frequency within an islanded microgrid. By this coordination, the microgrid frequency regulation becomes faster and better during contingencies. Moreover, the energy storage capacity, which is usually required for the frequency control of islanded microgrids, has significantly been reduced. Furthermore, there will be no need to consider reserve capacity in renewable sources for frequency control. Therefore, renewable energy sources can be operated at their maximum power point. Also, this paper introduces a new frequency-reactive power control concept and a related coefficient that shows the degree of dependence of the microgrid frequency on the injected reactive power changes at each bus. This coefficient determines the priority of buses for the installation of reactive power control devices to control the frequency of the microgrid. Simulation studies have been performed in the MATLAB/Simulink environment. The results show the applicability and accuracy of the proposed coefficient and demonstrate the effectiveness of the coordinated control of reactive power between the SOFC and the battery for frequency control.
Power
Hamid Radmanesh
Abstract
This paper presents a new algorithm for sizing equations of an Axial Flux Permanent Magnet (AFPM) machine based on an analytical method. To obtain a better performance, the dimensions of the stator and rotor cores are calculated. It is shown that the magnetic flux densities throughout these cores remain ...
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This paper presents a new algorithm for sizing equations of an Axial Flux Permanent Magnet (AFPM) machine based on an analytical method. To obtain a better performance, the dimensions of the stator and rotor cores are calculated. It is shown that the magnetic flux densities throughout these cores remain closed to the flux density of the B-H curve knee point of the ferromagnetic material characteristics. A new algorithm is proposed to determine the dimensions of the different parts of the machine, and it is used to calculate the height of the permanent magnet precisely. To show the effectiveness of the suggested algorithm, a sample AFPM machine is designed based on sizing equations, and Finite Element Analysis (FEA) is employed to validate these design formulas. A complete simulation study is accomplished, and some of the results are presented to confirm the accuracy of the sizing equations.
Power
Ahmad Ghafari; Mohsen Saniei; Morteza Razzaz; Alireza Saffarian
Abstract
Increasing the penetration level of distributed generation (DG) units in radial power distribution systems can increase the short-circuit level in these networks, which can, in turn, have destructive effects such as exceeding the tolerable current of the equipment and disrupting the protective coordination ...
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Increasing the penetration level of distributed generation (DG) units in radial power distribution systems can increase the short-circuit level in these networks, which can, in turn, have destructive effects such as exceeding the tolerable current of the equipment and disrupting the protective coordination in the network. The active superconducting fault current limiter (ASFCL) is a new device that can limit fault current using voltage series compensation. This paper discusses the modeling of ASFCL and control strategies including fault detection and converter performance in normal and fault modes. Initially, its performance in limiting the fault current is investigated by simulating a sample three-phase system with ASFCL. In the next step, three operating modes including normal mode, upstream fault mode, and downstream fault mode are proposed to achieve an adaptive FCL that solves these problems in grid-connected microgrids. The simulation results confirm the proper performance of the ASFCL modes in both fault current limiting and protective coordination of overcurrent relays in the network.
Telecommunications
Afshin Koliji; Sara Mihandoost; Nematollah Ezzati; Ehsan Mostafapour
Abstract
Sudden Cardiac Death (SCD) leads to the killing of millions of people worldwide every year. In this article, sudden cardiac death is predicted by utilizing electrocardiogram signal processing. For this purpose, after extracting the signal of heart rate variations from the electrocardiogram signal, temporal ...
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Sudden Cardiac Death (SCD) leads to the killing of millions of people worldwide every year. In this article, sudden cardiac death is predicted by utilizing electrocardiogram signal processing. For this purpose, after extracting the signal of heart rate variations from the electrocardiogram signal, temporal and non-linear features have been extracted. In the next step, by applying LDA to the combined feature vector, the feature dimensions are reduced and finally, healthy people and high-risk people are classified through Hybrid-RBF classifiers. The obtained results show that there are features in the signal of heart rate variations related to risk-taking individuals near the occurrence of sudden cardiac death, that completely distinguish them from healthy persons. It has also been shown that from 6 minutes before the occurrence of cardiac death, this increase in the probability of risk is quite evident, so that as we get closer to the occurrence of the accident, the probability of its occurrence also increases, and this is enough time to adopt strategies to prevent it. The simulation results achieved by the data available in the MIT-BIH database prove the ability of the presented methods to achieve accurate diagnosis.
Telecommunications
Ali Eshkevari; Seyed Mohammad Sajad Sadough
Abstract
Direct Position Determination (DPD) is known as an optimal, single-step technique for localizing co-channel signal sources since it processes the data gathered from all the array receiver elements together. In contrast, the commonly used radio location techniques include two independent stages. First, ...
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Direct Position Determination (DPD) is known as an optimal, single-step technique for localizing co-channel signal sources since it processes the data gathered from all the array receiver elements together. In contrast, the commonly used radio location techniques include two independent stages. First, they estimate some initial parameters like direction, time, time-difference, frequency of arrival, etc., or their combination, and second, they localize signal sources using the triangulation of loci generated by the first stage. This disjoint structure leads to the sub-optimality of conventional localization algorithms. In this paper, we compare the Location root-mean-square-Error Lower Bounds (LELB) for DPD and position finding by DOA (PF-DOA) to prove the superiority of DPD over PF-DOA, which are commonly used for tactical fields or outdoor applications. Moreover, we demonstrate the advantages of DPD for indoor localization applications compared to PF-DOA techniques in terms of localization accuracy. We also introduce the single-group-array (SGA) structure for DPD in indoor applications and reveal that it outperforms both the PF-DOA and DPD with a classical multi-group-array (MGA) structure.
Power
Mahyar Abasi; Nima Heydarzadeh; Arash Rohani
Abstract
The phenomenon of broken conductor faults (BCFs) in power transmission lines and, consequently, the suspension of the hot-line with no connection to ground, tower, or other conductive/non-conductive bodies is amongst special faults in terms of fault detection and location in the protection industry. ...
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The phenomenon of broken conductor faults (BCFs) in power transmission lines and, consequently, the suspension of the hot-line with no connection to ground, tower, or other conductive/non-conductive bodies is amongst special faults in terms of fault detection and location in the protection industry. Once such a failure occurs, the current of the faulty phase does not increase, which leads to the inability of standard fault detection functions in detecting the event. On the other hand, the variable nature of transmission line parameters due to weather conditions leads to misoperation and malfunction of fault detection and protection schemes of industrial relays in some cases. This paper, for the first time, presents a BCF location scheme without requiring line parameters data and only using magnitudes of current and voltage phasors of a single terminal based on Group Method of Data Handling (GMDH). In this method, a function is interpolated, the inputs of which are the current and voltage of the faulty phase, and its output are the accurate location of the fault. The function can be developed for all topologies of transmission lines. The proposed method is implemented in the MATLAB software and the obtained results verify the solidity and perfect performance of the method for different fault conditions.
Power
Nabil Mezhoud; Mohamed Amarouayache
Abstract
This paper presents a solution to the Optimal Power Flow (OPF) problem combined economic dispatch with valve-point effect and Emission Index (EI) in electrical power networks using the physics-inspired optimization method, which is the Gravitational Search Algorithm (GSA). Our main goal is to minimize ...
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This paper presents a solution to the Optimal Power Flow (OPF) problem combined economic dispatch with valve-point effect and Emission Index (EI) in electrical power networks using the physics-inspired optimization method, which is the Gravitational Search Algorithm (GSA). Our main goal is to minimize the objective function necessary for the best balance between energy production and its consumption which is presented in a nonlinear function, taking into account equality and inequality constraints. The objective is to minimize the total cost of active generations, the active power losses, and the emission index. The GSA method has been examined and tested on the standard IEEE 30-bus test system with various objective functions. The simulation results of the used methods have been compared and validated with those reported in the recent literature. The results are promising and show the effectiveness and robustness of the used method. It should be mentioned that from the base case, the cost generation, the active power losses, and the emission index are significantly reduced to 823 ($/h), 6.038 (MW), and 0.227 (ton/h), which are considered 5.85%, 61.61%, and 44.63%, respectively.
Telecommunications
Tamirat Yenealem; Robel Getachew
Abstract
Path loss models estimate the average path loss a signal experiences at a particular distance from a transmitter. However, each type of existing path loss propagation model is designed to predict path loss in a particular environment that may be inaccurate in other different; hence selecting the best ...
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Path loss models estimate the average path loss a signal experiences at a particular distance from a transmitter. However, each type of existing path loss propagation model is designed to predict path loss in a particular environment that may be inaccurate in other different; hence selecting the best path loss model and optimizing it will minimize that inaccuracy. This work presents a comparative analysis of five empirical path loss models, COST- 231, ECC-33, Hata, SUI, and Ericsson model, with respect to the measured data from the 14 selected sites in Hawassa city, Ethiopia at 1800 MHz frequency bands. A drive test methodology was adopted for data collection and Nemo Handy and Nemo Outdoor were used as measuring tools for the test. Error measuring tools such as root mean square error, mean absolute error, standard deviation, and mean absolute percentage error were used to select the terrain type of each site and the path loss model that best fits that site. The results show that not only Hawassa city consists of urban and sub-urban terrains but also ECC-33 and Hata are better estimators for Hawassa urban and sub-urban areas with RMSE of 4.18 and 7.86 respectively. The model tuning using the least square method reduced the RMSE of ECC-33 and Hata to 2.46 and 5.18 respectively. The reduction in RMSE shows that the tuned versions are close to the environment. Hence, using the tuned versions of the selected models will result in good cellular network design and enhance the service quality.
Power
Reza Rostaminia; Mehdi Vakilian; Keyvan Firuzi
Abstract
Partial Discharge (PD) measurement is one of the main methods for condition monitoring of Gas Insulated Switchgears (GIS). Internal Ultra High Frequency (UHF) sensors can be applied for capturing PD propagated electromagnetic signals within the GIS. PD sensor placement inside the GIS is one of the main ...
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Partial Discharge (PD) measurement is one of the main methods for condition monitoring of Gas Insulated Switchgears (GIS). Internal Ultra High Frequency (UHF) sensors can be applied for capturing PD propagated electromagnetic signals within the GIS. PD sensor placement inside the GIS is one of the main challenges for designing the online PD measuring system. For this aim, the impacts of different GIS components on the propagated PD electromagnetic wave should be studied. In this paper, different PD sensor position angles (with respect to PD sensor), are applied for investigating their sensitivity on the measuring PD electromagnetic wave. Two distinguishable parameters from the calculated PD electromagnetic waves, the first rated electric field and the signal’s power over the two frequency ranges (0.3-2 GHz and 0.3-3 GHz) are used for analyzing and quantifying the calculation results. The impacts of different enclosure diameters, different types of spacers, and various disconnector contact gap distances (under different voltage levels) on this wave propagation are studied. Additionally, the two standard GIS busbar profiles, named: L-shape and T-shape; are discussed in this paper. The results of this study show that the attenuation degree of the measured PD EM waves is strongly influenced by the busbar dimensions and its components configurations. The GIS busbar designer can employ these results to select the proper PD sensors and their installation locations.
Power
Mahyar Tofighi-Milani; Sajjad Fattaheian-Dehkordi; Mahmud Fotuhi-Firuzabad
Abstract
Microgrids, which have newly been included in power systems, have facilitated the management of distributed generations. In this context, the privatization of power systems, as well as flexible sources like electrical vehicles and storage systems, has been enhanced significantly by the advent of microgrids. ...
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Microgrids, which have newly been included in power systems, have facilitated the management of distributed generations. In this context, the privatization of power systems, as well as flexible sources like electrical vehicles and storage systems, has been enhanced significantly by the advent of microgrids. In a microgrid structure, the microgrid’s operator coordinates the agents and ensures the reliability of the network, while the agents manage their local resources independently. Nonetheless, new management methods should be implemented into the multi-agent-structured microgrids to meet their distributed nature. This paper proposes a new peer-to-peer energy market to optimize the operation of a multi-agent microgrid run in the isolated mode. The designed framework facilitates power trading between the system agents and addresses the privacy issues of the network consumers or producers. The proposed scheme is finally simulated on a 15-bus multi-agent-structured microgrid to study its effect on microgrid management in the isolated mode.
Electronics
Mohammadreza Ghafari; Abdollah Amirkhani; Elyas Rashno; Shirin Ghanbari
Abstract
This paper is an extension of our previous research on presenting a novel Gaussian Mixture-based (MOG2) Video Coding for CCTVs. The aim of this paper is to optimize the MOG2 algorithm used for foreground-background separation in video streaming. In fact, our previous study showed that traditional video ...
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This paper is an extension of our previous research on presenting a novel Gaussian Mixture-based (MOG2) Video Coding for CCTVs. The aim of this paper is to optimize the MOG2 algorithm used for foreground-background separation in video streaming. In fact, our previous study showed that traditional video encoding with the help of MOG2 has a negative effect on visual quality. Therefore, this study is our main motivation for improving visual quality by combining the previously proposed algorithm and color optimization method to achieve better visual quality. In this regard, we introduce Artificial Intelligence (AI) video encoding using Color Clustering (CC), which is used before the MOG2 process to optimize color and make a less noisy mask. The results of our experiments show that with this method the visual quality is significantly increased, while the latency remains almost the same. Consequently, instead of using morphological transformation which has been used in our past study, CC achieves better results such that PSNR and SSIM values have been shown to rise by approximately 1dB and 1 unit respectively.
Control
Farideh Azadmanesh; Reza Ghasemi
Abstract
Different types of optimal leader-follower consensus of high-order multi-agent systems (MAS) under fixed, connected, and directed communication topology are presented in this paper. The dynamics of each agent including the followers and their corresponding leader is a linear high order system. First, ...
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Different types of optimal leader-follower consensus of high-order multi-agent systems (MAS) under fixed, connected, and directed communication topology are presented in this paper. The dynamics of each agent including the followers and their corresponding leader is a linear high order system. First, the Linear Quadratic Regulator (LQR) problem is discussed to achieve the optimal consensus for high-order linear MAS with a guaranteed predefined phase and gain margin. Then stochastic leader-follower consensus problem of MAS in the presence of the Gaussian noise is designed. To tackle these problems, a set of fixed distributed control laws for each follower agent is designed, based on algebraic graph theory. Simulation results indicate the effectiveness of the proposed method and display the consensus in both cases via distributed control laws.
Power
Ali Rouhipour; Elaheh Mashhour; Mohsen Saniei
Abstract
This paper develops a new model for the optimal placement of switches (both manual and automatic ones) in distribution networks to simultaneously reduce energy loss and improve network security. Expected energy not supplied (EENS) is assumed as the security index, and a method is developed for more exact ...
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This paper develops a new model for the optimal placement of switches (both manual and automatic ones) in distribution networks to simultaneously reduce energy loss and improve network security. Expected energy not supplied (EENS) is assumed as the security index, and a method is developed for more exact calculation of this index regarding drastic climatic changes along with global warming and the resultant effects on both power consumption patterns and power network occurrence. The objective function of the problem is minimizing investment and maintenance costs, the cost of energy loss, and EENS cost. The suggested model can locate optimal places for installing the switches and their seasonal closed and open states so that the total costs can be minimized. The model is implemented on two test networks and evaluated under different scenarios. According to the results, despite the higher costs of automatic switches, the application of automatic switches is more economical in low-security networks for improving network security.
Power
Behzad Jaafari; Alireza Namadmalan
Abstract
This paper presents a design procedure and a new control method for power regulation of series resonant Induction Heating (IH) systems using a self-oscillating tuning loop. The proposed power regulator can accurately estimate the instantaneous phase angle and the main parameters of the resonant load. ...
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This paper presents a design procedure and a new control method for power regulation of series resonant Induction Heating (IH) systems using a self-oscillating tuning loop. The proposed power regulator can accurately estimate the instantaneous phase angle and the main parameters of the resonant load. Moreover, the power control algorithm is devised based on a combination of Phase Shift (PS) and Pulse Density Modulation (PDM) methods. For simplicity, the tuning loop utilizes the PS control method for power regulation. Moreover, the Pulse Density Modulation (PDM) and frequency-sweep methods can be used in the proposed tuning loop. The new method is verified by a laboratory prototype with an output power of about 220 W and an operating frequency of about 60 kHz.